2. Volcanic Lightning: It's a fusion of flash with ash. Volcanic lightning can be twice as bigger as lightning of super cell thunderstorms.
Specialists believe it is caused by a silica-based charging process, in which volcanic ash is charged as magma fractures within the volcano.
Hence fragmentation of magma during an explosive eruption causes the ash to gain a charge.
It is like shuffling shoes on carpet and the contact produces static charges, which is the basic principle behind ordinary thunderstorms too.