3. Rinderpest Rinderpest is caused by a virus that is closely related to the measles virus. The virus affects cattle and other ruminant animals, such as goats, buffalos and giraffes. The disease is highly contagious, causes fever, loss of appetite, dysentery and inflammation of the mucous membranes. The symptoms persist for about 6-10 days, then the animal usually dies by dehydration.