The 31-year-old moves within just 10 rankings points of Labuschagne and could close the gap even further when the second Test between England and New Zealand commences in Nottingham on June 10.
India under new captain Rohit Sharma finished the 2021-22 season as the world's number one ranked T20 team after a string of impressive performances at home.
Babar Azam, the Pakistani skipper was voted as the ICC 'Men's Player of the Month' for March on Monday, while in women's cricket, Rachael Haynes, the Australian opener bagged the honour.
India skipper Mithali Raj dropped a place to seventh but star opener Smriti Mandhana moved up to ninth position in the ICC Women ODI batters rankings issued on Tuesday.
Raj, who slipped a couple of places last week, has 696 points after she was dismissed for 31 and 5 against New Zealand and West Indies respectively.
Australia skipper Meg Lanning climbed up two spots in the latest women's rankings for ODI batters. She is now just one and 15 rating points away from the top spot that's currently occupied by her teammate Alyssa Healy.
Deepti Sharma gained two spots to be at 18th while compatriot Richa Ghosh rose 15 places to occupy 54th position in the latest women's ODI batter rankings.
The triumph helped India overtake England at the top of the T20 team rankings, with Rohit Sharma's side now matching the top rating of 269.
The Indian pair of Shreyas Iyer and Suryakumar Yadav has made strides up the table. Yadav scored 64 in the second ODI against the West Indies.
In the T20I rankings, India opener Shafali Verma is now third on the batting list.
Fakhar Zaman and Joe Root broke into the top 10 of the ICC Men's ODI Batting Rankings.
Pakistan skipper Babar Azam continue to lead the ICC Men's ODI Player Rankings while South Africa batters Quinton de Kock and Rassie van der Dussen have made huge gains in the chart.
While Rohit has 781 rating points, Kohli is just inside the top-10 with 740 points. The batting list is being headed by Marnus Labuschangne of Australia with 924 points
Rahul moves to the 31st spot in the latest ICC rankings after his match-winning effort in India's win in the 1st Test against South Africa.
Agarwal's Player of the Match effort in the second Test in Mumbai, where he scored 150 and 62, has helped him gain 30 spots and reach 11th position in the latest update to the men's rankings.
Off-spinner Ravichandra Ashwin also held on to the second spot among bowlers; pacer Jasprit Bumrah slipped one place to the 10th position.
Raj, who has 738 rating points to her kitty, is behind Lizelle Lee (761) of South Africa and Alyssa Healy (750) of Australia as there was no change in the top-10 batters from the previous rankings.
Sri Lanka's Wanindu Hasaranga sits atop the bowling rankings for the first time in his career.
India skipper Mithali Raj was on Tuesday joined at the top by South Africa opener Lizelle Lee in the latest ICC women's ODI rankings.
Jasprit Bumrah improved 10 slots to grab ninth place among bowlers after a match haul of nine for 110 in the Nottingham Test.
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