When we think about protecting our family's health, vaccinations against diseases such as polio, measles and influenza are often the first things that come to mind. However, one vaccine that does not receive enough attention is the Hepatitis B vaccine. Hepatitis B is one of the most common viral infections affecting the liver, yet it often goes unnoticed because many people do not experience any signs or symptoms during its early stages.
Hepatitis B is a preventable disease. Timely vaccination, early diagnosis and healthy lifestyle choices can help prevent the infection and reduce its long-term impact on the body. Dr Nitin Manglik, Consultant - Medical Gastroenterology at Manipal Hospital Ghaziabad, explains why everyone should be aware of this silent infection.
What is Hepatitis B and how does it spread?
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver. While some people recover completely, others develop chronic Hepatitis B, a long-term infection that can remain in the body for years and increase the risk of liver cirrhosis, liver failure and even liver cancer.
The virus spreads through contact with infected blood and certain body fluids. Common modes of transmission include:
- From an infected mother to her baby during childbirth
- Unprotected sexual contact
- Sharing contaminated needles
- Contact with infected blood
One of the biggest concerns is that the virus often does not cause symptoms during the early stages of infection.
Symptoms you should never ignore
Hepatitis B is often called a "silent" infection because many people feel perfectly healthy in the early stages. However, when symptoms appear, they may include:
- Fatigue
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea or vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Dark-coloured urine
- Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
- Unexplained weakness
Dr Manglik advises that these symptoms should never be ignored, especially if there is a family history of liver disease or if you've had possible exposure to the virus. Early testing and timely medical consultation can help prevent serious complications and improve long-term health outcomes.
Why vaccination is the best protection
According to Dr Manglik, vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent Hepatitis B infection.
The vaccine is recommended for:
- All infants starting at birth
- Unvaccinated children
- Adults aged 19 to 59 years
- Adults aged 60 years and above who have certain risk factors or wish to be protected
People living with diabetes, healthcare workers, and those living with someone diagnosed with Hepatitis B should also speak to their doctor about getting vaccinated.
Simple habits that help reduce the risk
While vaccination offers the strongest protection, adopting healthy habits can further lower the risk of infection.
As per Dr Manglik:
- Do not share razors, toothbrushes or any other personal care items that may have come into contact with blood.
- Choose trusted healthcare facilities that follow proper infection control practices and use sterile needles.
- Eat a balanced diet and exercise regularly.
- Limit junk food and avoid excessive alcohol consumption to keep your liver healthy.
Can Hepatitis B be cured?
Treatment depends largely on whether the infection is acute or chronic.
Acute Hepatitis B often resolves on its own without requiring specific treatment. Chronic Hepatitis B may require regular monitoring and, in many cases, antiviral medication to slow the progression of the disease and reduce the risk of liver damage.
If the infection progresses to severe cirrhosis, liver failure or liver cancer, a liver transplant may become the only treatment option. During this procedure, the damaged liver is replaced with a healthy donor liver.
Protect your family's liver health
Protecting your loved ones from Hepatitis B is about ensuring long-term liver health and avoiding potentially life-threatening complications.
"Timely vaccination, regular health check-ups, early diagnosis and healthy lifestyle choices together provide the strongest defence against this potentially serious disease," says Dr Manglik. "Small preventive steps taken today can help ensure a healthier future for your family."
Disclaimer: Tips and suggestions mentioned in the article are for general information purposes only and should not be construed as professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor or a dietician before starting any fitness programme or making any changes to your diet.
Also read:
Can Hepatitis B affect your baby? Experts explain the risks during pregnancy
