The United States Presidential elections of 2016 was filled with angry rhetoric and the language which had never been used in the General elections of the country. The credit goes to Donald Trump, the Republican presidential nominee and now the President-in-waiting.
During the course of campaign, there have been many instances when people questioned his mental health, from common US citizens to politicians. Now, three leading professors of psychiatry from America's prestigious universities have written to President Barack Obama, expressing their "grave concern" over his successor Donald Trump's mental stability.
In the letter addressed to the US president, the doctors — one from the Harvard Medical School and two others who have been associated with top US varsities over the years — have urged him to order a "full medical and neuropsychiatric evaluation" before the President-elect takes office on January 20.
"We are writing to express our grave concern regarding the mental stability of our President-elect," the letter published by the Huffington Post read.
The letter assumes significance as it is written by three distinguished professors of psychiatry — Judith Herman, Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Nanette Gartrell, Associate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry , University of California, San Francisco (1988-2011,) and Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School (1983-87); and Dee Mosbacher, Ph.D. Assistant Clinical Professor Department of Community Health Systems University of California, San Francisco (2005-2013).
"Professional standards do not permit us to venture a diagnosis for a public figure whom we have not evaluated personally. Nevertheless, his widely reported symptoms of mental instability -- including grandiosity, impulsivity, hypersensitivity to slights or criticism, and an apparent inability to distinguish between fantasy and reality -- lead us to question his fitness for the immense responsibilities of the office," the letter said.
"We strongly recommend that, in preparation for assuming these responsibilities, he receive a full medical and neuropsychiatric evaluation by an impartial team of investigators," it said. In August, President Obama had questioned the 70-year-old business tycoon's judgement and temperament and called him "unfit to serve as president".
This is not the first time mental health professionals have weighed in on Trump's suitability for office.
Prior to the election, the American Psychiatric Association made a plea to members to not associate Trump with mental illness at a distance, with APA President Maria A. Oquendo writing in the www.psychiatry.org, “This year, the election seems like anything but a normal contest, that has at times devolved into outright vitriol. The unique atmosphere of this year’s election cycle may lead some to want to psychoanalyze the candidates, but to do so would not only be unethical, it would be irresponsible.”
In June, Atlantic published a psychologist's findings that Trump suffered from "narcissism, disagreeableness, grandiosity". In August, an Oxford study claimed that Trump has more psychopathic traits than Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler.
Psychologist Kevin Dutton from Oxford University ranked the psychopathic traits of the US presidential hopefuls and historical figures using a standard psychometric tool -the Psychopathic Personality Inventory - Revised (PPI-R).
Trump outstripped Hitler on factors including social influence and fearlessness, while the Nazi dictator scored higher on cold-heartedness and Machiavellian egocentricity -which describes a lack of empathy and sense of detachment from others for the sake of achieving one's own goals.
There are nine criteria for "Narcissistic Personality Disorder," and usually a diagnosis is offered if a person has five or more of the symptoms, according to the American Psychiatric Association (APA).
The APA states that the condition is defined as "a pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behaviour), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts."
