The outbreak of Chandipura virus infection cases in Gujarat has alarmed many parents and healthcare professionals. According to the state health department, 22 children have died, and 35 out of 184 suspected cases have tested positive for CHPV infection. All confirmed cases are in children below the age of 15.
Although this virus has been known for quite some time, it usually resurfaces during the monsoon season, when insects that carry the disease become more active. Health experts have also pointed out that although there is no antiviral drug or vaccine available for the virus, recognising its symptoms early is crucial.
What is Chandipura virus?
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Chandipura virus (CHPV) belongs to the Rhabdoviridae family and is responsible for causing Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) in the western, central and southern regions of India, especially during the monsoon season.
The virus was first isolated in 1965 from Chandipura village in Maharashtra's Nagpur district, from which it gets its name.
The disease usually causes encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and primarily affects children below the age of 15.
How does Chandipura virus spread?
Unlike illnesses that spread directly from person to person, Chandipura virus is transmitted through the bites of infected insects.
According to WHO, the virus is mainly spread by:
- Sandflies
- Mosquitoes
- Ticks
In Gujarat, the sandfly Phlebotomus papatasi has been identified as the primary vector responsible for transmission.
Poor sanitation, improper waste disposal and housing conditions that allow insects to breed can increase the risk of infection.
What are the symptoms of Chandipura virus?
According to Max Healthcare, the infection often begins with flu-like symptoms before progressing rapidly in severe cases.
Early symptoms include:
- High fever
- Severe headache
- Fatigue
- Body and muscle aches
- Vomiting
As the illness worsens, some patients may develop:
- Persistent cough
- Shortness of breath
- Convulsions (seizures)
- Altered consciousness
- Coma
- Encephalitis (brain inflammation)
WHO notes that in children, the disease can progress very quickly, sometimes resulting in severe complications or death within 48 to 72 hours of symptom onset.
Why are children at greater risk?
WHO says that Chandipura virus infection is more common among children below the age of 15.
It is advisable that if a child develops a fever along with neurological symptoms such as seizures, confusion or loss of consciousness, they should be taken to a hospital immediately, particularly during the monsoon season.
Is there any treatment?
At present, there is no specific antiviral drug or vaccine for Chandipura virus.
However, according to WHO, early detection, immediate hospitalisation and supportive treatment can improve the chances of survival. Prompt treatment is critical, as patients may develop brain inflammation and organ dysfunction.
How can you protect yourself and your family?
Since the virus spreads through insect bites, prevention focuses on reducing exposure to vectors.
WHO recommends:
- Preventing sandfly, mosquito and tick bites
- Keeping homes and surroundings clean
- Proper waste disposal to reduce insect breeding
- Using mosquito nets and insect repellents
- Wearing full-sleeved clothing, especially during the evenings
- Supporting local vector-control measures, including insecticide spraying
Parents should also seek immediate medical care if their child develops a sudden fever accompanied by vomiting, seizures or excessive drowsiness.
Although Chandipura virus infections are relatively rare, they can be fatal, especially in young children, if treatment is delayed. This is particularly important during the monsoon season, when cases tend to increase.
(With inputs from PTI)
Disclaimer: Tips and suggestions mentioned in the article are for general information purposes only and should not be construed as professional medical advice.
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