People often pay attention to their uric acid levels only when they experience severe joint pain or are diagnosed with gout. However, medical experts warn that high uric acid, known as hyperuricemia, is becoming increasingly common in India and often develops without noticeable symptoms.
As lifestyles become more sedentary and conditions such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension continue to rise, doctors are seeing more people with elevated uric acid levels. The concern is that many remain unaware of the problem until complications begin to appear.
What is hyperuricemia?
Uric acid is a natural waste product formed when the body breaks down purines. Purines are naturally present in human cells and are also found in many commonly consumed foods.
Under normal circumstances, uric acid dissolves in the blood, is filtered by the kidneys and leaves the body through urine. Hyperuricemia occurs when the body produces too much uric acid or when the kidneys are unable to remove enough of it. As a result, uric acid accumulates in the bloodstream. According to Dr Harshil Vora, Consultant Orthopaedic, Dr Vora’s Orthopaedic Centre, Mumbai, “Hyperuricemia is a manageable condition when identified early through timely screening and regular monitoring. Left untreated, elevated uric acid levels can increase the risk of gout attacks, kidney complications, and metabolic health issues. Along with lifestyle modifications, appropriate medical management and consistent follow-up can help effectively control uric acid levels and reduce long-term complications.”
Dr Ankith Rai, Associate Director, Medical Affairs, Abbott India, added, “Because high uric acid often remains silent in the early stages, routine screening becomes important for individuals with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, kidney stone history, or recurrent joint pain. Early diagnosis along with balanced nutrition, hydration, physical activity, and timely treatment can significantly help in managing hyperuricemia and improving long-term health outcomes.”
Why it often goes unnoticed
One of the biggest challenges associated with hyperuricemia is that it usually does not cause symptoms in its early stages.
Many people only discover they have elevated uric acid levels after developing complications such as gout or kidney stones, or during a routine blood test. Studies suggest that nearly one in four Indian adults may already have elevated uric acid levels.
More than just a joint problem
Hyperuricemia is often associated with gout, but experts say its effects extend far beyond joint pain.
Over time, excess uric acid can form sharp crystals that settle in tissues and joints, leading to inflammation and intense pain. Elevated uric acid levels have also been linked to kidney disease, obesity, diabetes and high blood pressure.
Because of these associations, hyperuricemia is now considered an important indicator of overall metabolic health.
Understanding the connection with gout
One of the most common consequences of untreated hyperuricemia is gout.
Gout occurs when uric acid crystals accumulate inside the joints, causing sudden episodes of severe pain, swelling, redness and warmth. The big toe is often the first joint affected, although gout can also involve the knees, ankles, wrists and fingers.
Studies indicate that approximately 20 to 25 per cent of people with persistently high uric acid levels eventually develop gout.
Who is at greater risk?
Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing hyperuricemia.
These include:
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure
- Kidney disease
- Sedentary lifestyles
- Excess consumption of red meat and organ meats
- Frequent intake of sugary drinks
- Excessive alcohol consumption
Men generally face a higher risk earlier in life, while women become more vulnerable after menopause.
How to keep uric acid levels under control
According to experts, lifestyle changes can play an important role in managing uric acid levels.
Stay hydrated
Drinking enough water helps the kidneys remove excess uric acid more efficiently.
Exercise regularly
Physical activity supports metabolic health and helps maintain a healthy body weight.
Maintain a healthy weight
Being overweight, particularly around the abdomen, can increase uric acid production.
Be mindful of your diet
Limiting foods such as red meat, organ meats, seafood, sugary drinks and alcohol may help reduce uric acid levels.
Monitor existing health conditions
Conditions such as diabetes, hypertension and kidney disease can influence uric acid levels and should be managed carefully.
Consult your doctor
Persistent symptoms or consistently elevated uric acid levels should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
