Fatigue that never seems to go away. Sudden weight gain despite eating carefully. Hair fall, mood swings and irregular periods. For many women, these symptoms immediately raise concerns about a thyroid problem. However, health experts say another common hormonal condition may be responsible: Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS), a term increasingly being used in place of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) because it better reflects the condition's wider impact on hormones, metabolism, insulin resistance, heart health and reproductive wellbeing.
According to Dr (Lt Col) Leena N Sreedhar, Chairman, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Manipal Hospital Dwarka, New Delhi, PMOS and thyroid disorders often share similar symptoms, making it difficult for women to identify the real cause without proper medical evaluation.
Why PMOS is often mistaken for a thyroid problem
PMOS is a hormonal disorder that affects ovulation, metabolism and overall hormone balance.
Women with PMOS commonly experience elevated androgen levels, insulin resistance and changes in reproductive hormones. Since the thyroid gland and ovaries are both part of the endocrine system, an imbalance in one hormonal pathway can influence the functioning of the other.
"Persistent fatigue, difficulty losing weight, dry skin, hair thinning and irregular periods are commonly associated with hypothyroidism, but they can also occur due to PMOS-related hormonal imbalance," explains Dr Sreedhar.
Sometimes, PMOS can be accompanied by other symptoms like anxiety, palpitations and insomnia that could mirror hyperthyroidism.
The importance of diagnosing the problem accurately
As such symptoms are so similar, self-diagnosis can often lead to inappropriate treatments.
According to Dr Sreedhar, determining the root cause of the symptoms is crucial for developing a successful treatment regimen and avoiding complications.
Doctors will often advise conducting:
- Thyroid test
- Insulin resistance test
- Hormonal testing
- Ultrasound examination
- Metabolic disorders testing
These tests will reveal the cause of the symptoms, whether it is PMOS, thyroid disease or both.
Can PMOS improve naturally?
Although there is no cure for all cases of PMOS, there are lifestyle habits that can greatly help with improving symptoms and balancing hormones, says Dr Sreedhar.
Eat a healthy diet
A high-protein and fibre-rich diet is beneficial when it comes to metabolism. It is advised that you limit the intake of excess sugar, processed foods and junk food, and add healthy fats through nuts and seeds.
Work out often
Dr Sreedhar advises that you "should exercise for 30-45 minutes daily."
Activities such as walking and strength training can enhance your insulin sensitivity and balance hormones.
Maintain a healthy weight
Even small weight loss can make a big difference in ovulation and insulin resistance and aid in regulating periods among women with PMOS.
Sleep well
Lack of sufficient sleep can lead to poor hormone imbalance and cause additional cravings, fatigue and stress. Getting adequate rest is an important part of managing the condition.
Manage stress effectively
"Stress hormones can aggravate PMOS symptoms," says Dr Sreedhar.
Activities such as yoga, meditation and relaxation techniques may help support hormonal balance.
Track your menstrual cycle
Irregular periods should never be ignored. Seeking medical advice early can help prevent future fertility and metabolic complications.
