Top 5 Indian movements that galvanized the nation

New Delhi: In the course of India's pre- and post-independence history, there have many movements in which millions of Indians took part. The movements were often successful, and occasionally unsuccessful.Here we list five such movements since the 20th century: 1. Non Cooperation Movement, 1920-22 Mahatma Gandhi launched the Non Cooperation Movement in protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar and the infamous Rowlatt Act. Millions of Indians participated in the movement which called on students to leave Raj-sponsored schools and colleges, lawyers to boycott courts, soldiers to desert the army, and people to stop using British goods. The movement ended after the Chauri Chaura incident in which 22 policemen were burnt inside a police outpost by a violent mob. Gandhiji called off the movement because it was turning non-violent.2. Quit India movement, 1942 Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement on August 9, 1942 with a Do or Die call against the British rulers. Within hours more than 60,000 Congressmen and the entire leadership was imprisoned by the British for the next three years. The movement was a sporadic success at regional level, especially in Satara, Maharashtra, Talcher in Orissa, and Midnapore, West Bengal.By 1944 the movement had fizzled out but the British, wearing after the Second World War, decided to leave. 3. Salt Satyagraha, 1930 Mahatma Gandhi launched the Salt Satyagraha from Dandi in Gujarat on 12 March, 1930. It was a non-violent movement against the salt tax imposed by British. More than 80,000 Congress workers courted arrest by taking out Salt March. The movement continued for a year, and ended with.Lord Irwin agreeing to hold a Round Table Conference. 4. JP movement, 1974 In 1974, when Indira Gandhi's rule was at its peak, there was rise in prices of essential commodities. In Gujarat, students came out on the streets when hostel mess prices were hiked. The protests soon took the shape on an anti-corruption movement and spread to Bihar. Later it became a pan Indian mass movement with Gandhian socialist Jay Prakash Narayan as the leader. The J.P. movement's motto was Sampoorna Kranti (total revolution), The movement gradually gained momentum and many youngsters, includig Lalu Yadav, Nitish Kumar, Sushil Modi, Narendra Modi, became part of it . .On April 8, 1974, at the age of 72, he led a silent procession at Patna. But the procession was lathi charged. On June 5, 1974, Jayaprakash addressed a mammoth crowd at Gandhi Maidan in Patna.The movement's reach was astounding. In 1975, the Allahabad High Court unseated prime minister Indira Gandhi for violation of electoral law and Jayaprakash Narayan demanded her resignation.Finally, Indira Gandhi imposed emergency rule on the midnight of June 25, 1975 which continued till 1977, when in the general elections Indira Gandhi and her Congress Party were thrown out of power by the people through ballot.JP blessed the new Janata Party government by Morarji Desai, but the Janata Party soon disintegrated by 1979 due to infighting and constant bickering. 5. Anna Hazare movement, 2011 Gandhian activist Anna Hazare (Kishan Baburao Hazare), a former army truck driver, launched the anti-corruption movement by sitting on indefinite hunger strike on April 5, 2011. He sat on fast for four days, after which the Centre gave in and agreed to form a joint committee to go into the Jan Lokpal Bill demanded by Hazare, Arvind Kejriwal, Prashant Bhushan, Kiran Bedi and others, who called themselves members of civil society. Thousands of people wearing caps "I am Anna" joined his movement. The joint committee failed to agree on the proposals put by Hazare due to intransigent attitude of the Centre. Hazare decided to sit on indefinite fast from August 16 the same year. He was arrested and taken to Tihar jail, where he began his fast. Amidst public outcry, the government released him and allowed him to sit on fast in Ramlila Maidan. Hazare continued his fast in Ramlila Maida from August 20 till 28, when the Parliament passed and sent him a resolution expressing its resolve to pass the Lokpal Bill.On December 7, 2011, Hazare again sat on indefinite fast in Mumbai, but called it off after a lukewarm response and because of failing health. The next year, his close associate Arvind Kejriwal sat on indefinite fast, but he too called it off as the Centre refused to respond. Kejriwal and his associates then decided to join politics and floated the Aam Aadmi Party. In 2013, Hazare sat on fast in Ralegan Siddhi, and this time both Houses of Parliament immediately passed the Lokpal Bill, a pale imitation of the earlier Jan Lokpal Bill.